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1. Basic Syntax & Fundamentals

Variables (var, let, const): Different types of variable declarations.

Data Types: String, Number, Boolean, Object, Array, Null, Undefined, Symbol.

Operators: Arithmetic, comparison, logical, and assignment operators.

Control Structures: if-else, switch, for, while, do-while loops.

2. Functions

Function Declarations and Expressions: function, anonymous functions, arrow functions (=>).

First-Class Functions: Functions as objects.

IIFE (Immediately Invoked Function Expressions): (function() {})().

Closures: Accessing variables from outer scopes.

3. Objects & Arrays

Object Creation & Manipulation: Creating objects, properties, and methods.

Prototypes & Inheritance: Prototype chain, inheritance model.

Array Methods: map(), filter(), reduce(), forEach(), find().

4. Asynchronous JavaScript

Callbacks: Function as a parameter for asynchronous code.

Promises: Handling asynchronous operations with .then() and .catch().

Async/Await: Syntactic sugar for promises, allowing async code to look synchronous.

Event Loop: Understanding how the JavaScript engine handles asynchronous operations.

5. Scope and Hoisting

Global vs Local Scope: Where variables and functions are accessible.

Lexical Scoping: Scope determined by the code's structure.

Hoisting: Understanding how JavaScript "hoists" declarations.

6. Closures and Higher-Order Functions

Closures: Functions "remember" the environment in which they were created.

Higher-order functions: Functions that accept other functions as arguments or return functions.

7. DOM Manipulation

Selecting Elements: getElementById(), querySelector(), etc.

Event Handling: addEventListener(), events, bubbling, delegation.

Modifying the DOM: Adding/removing elements, changing attributes and classes.

8. Error Handling

Try/Catch: Handling exceptions gracefully.

Throwing Errors: Custom error messages and types.

9. ES6+ Features

Destructuring: Arrays and objects.

Spread and Rest Operators: ... for merging, copying, or passing variable arguments.

Modules: Importing and exporting with import and export.

Template Literals: String interpolation.

Classes: Syntactic sugar over prototypal inheritance.

Arrow Functions: Shorter syntax for functions and lexically scoped this.

10. Event Loop, Callbacks & Promises

Event Loop: Understanding the JavaScript runtime model.

Microtasks vs Macrotasks: Prioritizing asynchronous tasks.

11. Memory Management and Garbage Collection

Memory Allocation: How JavaScript handles memory.

Garbage Collection: Understanding automatic memory management and freeing up resources.

12. Best Practices

Code Structure: Readable and maintainable code.

Error Handling: Proper use of try-catch and error logging.

Optimization Techniques: Improving performance (e.g., reducing DOM manipulation, event debouncing).